Political Instability, Insecurity and Regional Schism: Issues of the 66th ECOWAS Summit

By Fidel Amakye Owusu

Founded in the mid-1970s, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) aimed to advance regional integration, prioritizing economic collaboration over political unification. Non-interference was a foundational principle of the bloc.

Over time, especially after the Cold War, liberal political ideals gained prominence. ECOWAS introduced protocols promoting good governance and democracy, outlawing forceful power seizures.

Collaboration extended to key sectors like communication, transportation, and energy.

Current Challenges

At its 66th summit in Abuja, Nigeria – home to its headquarters and current chair – ECOWAS faces significant trials. Historical conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire) pale in comparison to present issues, including:

• Sahelian Schism: Tensions between junta-led Sahel states and other members persist, with Senegal’s president mediating talks.
• Security Threats: Extremism, rebellions, and banditry plague the region, fueled by Al-Qaeda and ISIS affiliates.
• Economic Strains: Community levies remain unpaid by several states, including larger economies, affecting operations.

Opportunities

Despite these obstacles, discussions on trade liberalization and free movement of people signal progress. Such initiatives could position the region to benefit from the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

Way Forward

Leadership from key economies – Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Senegal – is critical for driving security cooperation and innovative solutions, such as modern technology, to counter threats like drug trafficking and maritime insecurity. Proactive, result-oriented strategies are essential to unify the bloc and address its challenges.

Fidel Amakye Owusu is an International Relations and Security Analyst. He is an Associate at the Conflict Research Consortium for Africa and has previously hosted an International Affairs program with the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC). He is passionate about Diplomacy and realizing Africa’s global potential and how the continent should be viewed as part of the global collective.