Ghana president proposes measures to address security challenges in West Africa

By Godfred Zina

Amid growing insecurity and instability in West Africa, Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo unveiled key security strategies at the Second International Defense Exhibition and Conference (IDEC) 2024 in Accra.

Central to his proposal was the establishment of an ECOWAS Standby Force (ESF) to enable the regional bloc to respond swiftly and effectively to threats, while also promoting democratic governance and peace in the region.

In July 2023, ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) leaders initiated plans to activate and deploy this standby force in Niger, following a military coup. However, this move triggered the formation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) by Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger – all led by military juntas – which expressed solidarity with Niger under the principle that “an attack on one is an attack on all.” These nations subsequently exited ECOWAS, creating further complications.

The regional bloc was unable to intervene militarily in Niger, primarily due to a lack of resources and equipment. ECOWAS military leaders had proposed two options: a 5,000-strong force with a budget of US$2.6 billion or a smaller force of 1,650 troops with a budget of US$481 million. However, given the economic difficulties facing many member states, there are concerns about their ability to finance such an operation.

In addition to the ESF, Akufo-Addo emphasized the need to strengthen intelligence-sharing and coordination among ECOWAS countries, particularly through the Accra Initiative, to better anticipate and respond to security threats.

Other proposals included enhancing counterterrorism operations by providing training, equipment, and logistical support, as well as improving maritime security capabilities and cyber resilience. He also highlighted the importance of fostering inclusive governance and development as long-term solutions to West Africa’s security challenges.

But what’s next?

While establishing the ECOWAS Standby Force is a commendable initiative, its feasibility remains uncertain due to the economic strains on member states. Addressing the root causes of instability – such as unemployment and lack of basic social services – could play a vital role in reducing insecurity in the region.

Moreover, though improving intelligence-sharing, particularly through the Accra Initiative, may help preempt security threats, the withdrawal of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger from ECOWAS raises doubts about trust and cooperation within the region. This division could weaken the overall effectiveness of the region’s security response.

In the Gulf of Guinea, maritime insecurity, driven by piracy, armed robbery, and oil theft, has become a pressing issue. Enhancing both maritime and cyber security in West Africa will require significant investment and expertise, posing additional challenges for the region’s governments.

Godfred Zina is a freelance journalist and an associate with DefSEC Analytics Africa – a consulting agency specializing in the provision of accurate date and assessments on security, politics, investment, trade, and other risks within Africa. He is based in Accra, Ghana.