China – Africa : FOCAC 2024

By Mary Alorh

In recent decades, Africa’s role on the global stage has grown significantly, driven by shifts in international politics. The rise of new powers such as China and Türkiye has contributed to the changing dynamics of world geopolitics.

The relationship between China and African nations has evolved from years of cooperation into a strategic partnership focused on trade and defense. As the ninth Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) unfolds, much attention is on the potential outcomes and statements that may shape the future of this partnership, which has been ongoing since 2000.

FOCAC provides China with a platform to demonstrate its diplomatic and economic influence in Africa to the broader international community.

The combined demographic strength of Africa and China is striking, as their youthful populations together represent one-third of the global population. This offers immense potential for growth, innovation, and collaboration between the two regions.

China has firmly established itself as Africa’s top trading partner and primary arms supplier, capitalizing on opportunities where the U.S. and Western allies have lagged behind. Additionally, China leads in infrastructure development across Africa, with projects spanning sectors like energy, transportation, education, and maritime industries. Much of this is driven by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has enhanced connectivity and cooperation between the two regions.

As China looks to expand the global influence of its currency, future investments in Africa are expected to be yuan-denominated. In response to the financial strain many African countries face due to COVID-19, China has proposed a debt repayment postponement plan, further solidifying its role as a dominant force on the continent.

The growing China-Africa partnership is set to reach new heights, as seen in the recent geopolitical shifts in the Sahel region, where coup leaders are pivoting away from traditional European and Western alliances in favor of new partnerships. This marks a significant realignment in global geopolitics.

Mary Alorh is Director of Administration at DefSEC Analytics Africa Ltd., and is an expert in Gender, Youth, and Peace & Security initiatives in West Africa.