Algeria-France Relations at a Crossroads: Can Ties Be Repaired?

By Godfred Zina

Deteriorating Diplomatic Relations

Paris-Algiers relations have sharply deteriorated since France recognized Morocco’s sovereignty over the contested Western Sahara in July 2024. This move has sparked significant anger in Algiers, which has long supported the Polisario Front’s call for an independent state in the region.

While France’s stance on Western Sahara aligns with U.S. policy, Algeria perceives it as a betrayal, viewing the issue as a critical geopolitical concern.

In February 2025, France raised alarms over the detention of Franco-Algerian author Boualem Sansal, who has been imprisoned in Algeria since November 2024. French authorities, alongside fellow writers, have repeatedly called for his release, highlighting the ongoing tensions between the two nations.

Economic and Cultural Strain

Adding to the diplomatic strain, France has threatened to review or terminate a 1968 bilateral agreement unless Algeria agrees to repatriate deported individuals, even signaling a potential halt to Algerian immigration.

Recent reports suggest that France’s economic influence in Algeria has waned, with trade dropping by 30 percent since mid-2024. French companies have been excluded from wheat import tenders, and Algeria has strengthened its economic ties with China and Russia, all while cultural tensions have escalated.

This decline in influence is part of a broader trend in Africa, where France is losing its colonial-era foothold. Countries in the Sahel, such as Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, have distanced themselves from Paris, and shifting dynamics in Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) add to the uncertainty.

Moving Forward: A Path to Diplomacy and Trade

Given France’s continued interest in Africa, it is essential for the country to maintain strong relations with Morocco while also engaging in a balanced diplomatic approach with Algeria on regional security and economic issues. France could adopt a neutral stance on Western Sahara, which may help repair its strained ties with Algeria.

Additionally, France should explore new trade opportunities with Algeria in sectors like energy, infrastructure, and technology, moving beyond wheat imports to foster mutual economic growth.

Reducing public criticisms, such as those related to Boualem Sansal, could help ease tensions. In parallel, private diplomatic channels may prove more effective in resolving disputes.

Lastly, France should consider renegotiating its immigration policies to address Algeria’s concerns while still addressing security matters, avoiding unilateral changes to immigration agreements.

Godfred Zina is a freelance journalist and an associate with DefSEC Analytics Africa – a consulting agency specializing in the provision of accurate data and assessments on security, politics, investment, trade, and other risks within Africa. He is based in Accra, Ghana.